?Apple TV 3,2? is just a minor internal upgrade

Don?t get too excited about that unreleased Apple TV device which popped up in Monday?s iOS 6.1 release?- Apple confirmed it?s just a minor internal upgrade that won?y?affect product features at all. That much was expected: after all, the very ?AppleTV 3,2? designation indicates a minor refresh (current-gen 1080p Apple TV is being referenced as ?AppleTV 3,1?). We kinda hoped that the new Apple TV would run third-party apps or become a full-blown television set, but Apple says ?no??

An Apple spokesperson said in a statement to The Next Web that ?AppleTV 3,2? is basically a stealth refresh:

We sometimes make component changes which require an updated model number for regulatory approval.

The component changes we made don?t affect product features and Apple TV customers will continue to have the same great user experience.

This aligns with yesterday?s FCC filing which details a slightly smaller Apple TV with a new model number?A1469. At 93.78 square mm, the FCC device measures slightly smaller?compared to the 98 square mm of the current third-generation model.

However, Apple says there will be?no external difference in size versus the current-generation Apple TV. Heck, the set-top box?even won?t be marketed as a new version, the publication has it.

Another tidbit we can glean from the FCC filing: the A1469 model has?the same Wi-Fi capabilities as the current-gen Apple TV, but has a single WLAN+Bluetooth antenna (like the iPhone 5) instead of two separate antennas, via a?Broadcom BCM4334 wireless chip.

Moreover,?AnandTech found some strings in the new iOS 6.1 software (the Apple TV 5.2 firmware) indicating support for the A5X chip which powers Apple?s third-gen 9.7-inch iPad with Retina display.

The current-gen Apple TV with 1080p support was unveiled?on March 7, 2012. The set-top box?runs a variant of the iPad 2?s dual-core A5 chip fabbed on Samsung?s 32nm (die shrunk) process and with one processing core intentionally disabled.

It wasn?t immediately clear whether the mildly?refreshed device Apple?s spokesperson referred to includes a new processor.

Nothing to see here folks, moving on.

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/zipadblog/~3/_741Y_uF1rU/

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Lenovo's Q3 sees sales reach $9.4 billion, profits rise to $200 million

While big chunks of the industry may be feeling gloomy, the artist formerly known as IBM's PC Division keeps on raking in money. Lenovo's third quarter earnings report reveals that the company sold $9.4 billion worth of hardware, keeping $200 million of that back for itself in net profit. It's also seen its Chinese smartphone business turn a profit, and is now eyeing Russia as the next land ripe for conquering. Lenovo's corporate mattress is so stuffed that it probably smells of money, as the company has squirreled away $4.2 billion for a rainy day, or, you know, something else.

Filed under: Cellphones, Desktops, Lenovo

Comments

Source: Lenovo

Source: http://www.engadget.com/2013/01/30/lenovo-q3-2012/

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Formerly Nokia-owned luxury brand Vertu may soon launch an Android phone

Vertu, the super-high-end phone maker formerly owned by Nokia, may be preparing to announce its first Android phone. After an initial rumor posted by blogger Eldar Murtazin, the generally more reliable Blog of Mobile has found information about a device tentatively called the "Vertu Ti." According to specs recently listed at the Bluetooth SIG, the Ti (identified with the code RM-828V) would run Android 4.0.4, while benchmark listings and other certification pages indicate it has an 800 x 480 screen, 1.5GHz processor, and NFC. Whatever the specs, the real value of any Vertu phone would lie elsewhere ? the company usually incorporates leather, gems, and precious metals into its designs, which are some of the most ridiculously opulent on the market.

Vertu wouldn't comment on whether this information is accurate, but the company has confirmed to us that it's indeed launching a new phone next month. Vertu phones have run Symbian in the past, but Nokia sold the company last year and has largely eased off Symbian itself; heading to Android would be the obvious move. Potentially corroborating its claims, Blog of Mobile has posted an allegedly leaked image of the Vertu Ti, showing a design similar to Vertu's 2011 Constellation T with Android-style back, home, and menu buttons.

As Engadget points out, a Russian luxury phone site has four similar images of phones it refers to as the "Constellation Ti," though they're a bit inconsistent: the one above shows a search bar instead of a menu bar. We found the same images at a Russian Vertu repair site, where they're listed alongside a date of 2013 and prices ranging from 270,000 rubles ($9,000) to 562,000 rubles ($18,700). Neither of these sites is necessarily credible, of course, though that's what you might expect to pay for one of Vertu's jewel-encrusted phones. We have been told by one trustworthy tipster that Murtazin's unusually low 3000 euro ($4,000) price tag isn't accurate ? not that the actual cost will be more than academic for most of us.

Source: http://www.theverge.com/2013/1/30/3933942/vertu-may-be-planning-a-luxury-android-phone

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Ice hockey: No. 1 Cicero-North Syracuse, No. 2 Rome Free Academy prepare for Friday night showdown

Donnie Webb | dwebb@syracuse.com, January 29, 2013 3:14 p.m.

Goalie Andrew Ross of RFA has led a defense that's given up just 15 goals all season - (Frank Ordonez/The Post-Standard, 2012)

Before the No. 1 and No. 2 ranked teams in the state play one another on Friday night, the Cicero-North Syracuse and Rome Free Academy boys ice hockey teams must get through a couple of preliminaries. The Black Knights of RFA meet Central Square Tuesday night at the Cicero Twin Rinks. The Northstars of C-NS host Ontario Bay Wednesday night in Cicero.

??? Then, they can turn their full attention to Friday.

??? That?s when the No. 1-ranked Northstars (17-1, 11-1) visit the No. 2-ranked Black Knights (14-1, 10-0) at Kennedy Arena in Rome. The Division I, East Division showdown starts at 7 p.m.

??? RFA is the only team to defeat C-NS this season. The Black Knights did so in the season opener, beating the Northstars 3-1 on Nov. 30, 2012.

??? In fact, RFA could make a good case it deserves to be ranked No. 1. Its only loss was a 4-3 overtime setback at Massena on January 12.

The new state rankings came out on Tuesday with RFA moving from No. 3 to No. 2.

??? ?To be honest, it hasn?t come up,? said RFA coach Greg Cuthbertson. ?We?ve always said rankings count at the end of the year. That?s when you want to be No. 1. It really hasn?t been in conversations we?ve had with our kids. It?s nothing the coaches talk about or think about or build up to our kids.?

??? C-NS has rattled off 17 straight victories since its loss to RFA. Eric Hamilton and Matt Fiume are ranked 1-2 in points among all hockey players in Section III. The other member of the Northstars first line, Jesse Farabee, is ranked ninth. The three players have combined for 144 total points.
If the Northstars are at the top end of the scoring pool, the Black Knights are the antithesis on defense. RFA has surrendered just 15 goals all season. It has not given up more than four goals in any game. They?ve gotten two shutouts and held opponents to two or fewer goals in 10 games.

??? More impressively, RFA has won five games by one goal and four others by two. It?s a testament to the team?s toughness and its ability to grind out the third period.

??? Cuthbertson said his team is built from the ?back end out.? That means the foundation of the Black Knights and their success starts with the defense. It?s a group led by junior captain and defenseman Tyler Williams, senior goalie Andrew Ross, junior defenseman Joey Rutkowski, junior defenseman Nicholas Nardslico and junior defenseman Justin Hussey.

??? ?I think it?s how we?re built,? Cuthbertson said of all of his team?s close wins. ?We?re built from the back end out. In year?s past, we?ve had some pretty good forwards and counted on our offensive to kind of lead us. This year, we?re just built around our defense. We?re not going to go in and blow teams out. That?s not our make-up. We?re built to win those defensive battles, keep the shots down, keep the shooters away from our goalie. We preach, take care of our end first.?

??? RFA had to battle to defeat Central Square 2-1 on December 12 at Kennedy. The Redhawks (4-12-1 and 1-9-1) have lost nine of their last 10, though they did battle well in a 3-1 loss to West Genesee on January 11. That should keep the Black Knights from the understandable and natural inclination to look ahead to Friday night?s game against the Northstars.

??? ?You know, with other teams, that would be the case (to look ahead),? Cuthbertson said. ?I think this group of kids has been really focused this year. We?ve tried to instill in our kids that you can?t look ahead, that you?ve got to play one game at a time. When you look ahead, you?re not focused on what you have to do at that period of time. In other years, I?d worry. But with this group, I think we?ve got pretty good leadership with our juniors and seniors.?

??? The doors open at Kennedy Arena on Friday at 6 p.m. Tickets are $3 for adults and $2 for students.

Staff writer Donnie Webb can be reached at 470-2149 or dwebb@syracuse.com

?

Source: http://highschoolsports.syracuse.com/news/article/8057630374248033267/ice-hockey-no-1-cicero-north-syracuse-no-2-rome-free-academy-prepare-for-friday-night-showdown/

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The 5 lessons in relationships for a dog owner - Birds on the Blog

Dear Jackie, having thought about what I really want recently, I?ve come to the conclusion that I don?t want a relationship with someone (or a family, or anything else I?ve thought I might want for most of my life ? I?m now 40), but instead I want a dog.? My friends are telling me they don?t believe me, how can I persuade them?? Thanks RL

Dear RL

You are far from alone in this miserable state of affairs.? Relationships provide the ultimate feedback for our lives.? That means you might have a few changes to make to how you view life and the part you play in it.? And, I can sympathise about why you might find a dog the easy option, you might also find that a dog is the best teacher!

There are some really obvious reasons why a dog is a preferable choice, and I?ve used them all!

Why would you choose a dog?

• A dog doesn?t speak back
• A dog asks for nothing except to be fed and walked
• A dog forgets when you?ve shouted at it
• A dog trusts you
• A dog loves unconditionally

I have to ask, as it?s my job and I like to be curious ? what is it you want to avoid in a relationship?

May I share my experience of having a dog which might help as I have been where I think you might be right now.? When my marriage ended, my dog became so important to me ? as a confidante and a companion.? She became my raison d?etre, got me out of bed, stopped me feeling lonely and I found a focus for my love.

In truth, I was avoiding close, intimate relationships until I felt able to cope with being loved and in a relationship again.? As much as the dog and I loved one another, the relationship was in no manner of speaking able to make up for a close intimate relationship with a partner, nor that of my family.? It was simply a poor substitute until I felt ready.

Relationship abstinence

If we have come through some sh1tty relationships and feel the full effects of emotional turmoil, it?s very common to believe that we will *never* allow ourselves to get involved with another person again.? The fear of more heartbreak dictates that we put up barriers, shut off to intimate possibilities and determine to be fine just as we are ?. Alone.

Abstaining from all relationships, from all the dreams you have had about a partner and a family is a temporary situation.? After a relationship breakdown, the fear that we are not good enough for anyone else, or that anyone else will be good enough for us runs rampant through our minds.

It?s very rare in my experience for this state of affairs to continue.? Our hearts can, and do, heal.? Rather than remaining afraid of breaking them again, the key is to learn about managing your emotional stability.

When you enter into a relationship, it is in order to relate with someone, it is not to sign your life, your power and your future over.? It is possible to love openly, freely and maintain who you are.

What can you learn from a relationship with a dog meantime?

How to love unconditionally.? Can you imagine withholding affection from your dog no matter what it?s done?

Forgiveness.? If you can forgive a dog, for what reason can you not forgive your partner?? You might think a dog has no ulterior motive, how do you actually know your partner has?

Smiling at their antics.? Lighten up with your partner, enjoy one another, play together.

Daily physical attention freely given -? tummy rubs, ears stroked, pats, with no intention of sex, just touch.? Many people know immediately their dog has a tick, or a lump and yet, are unable to register change in their partner?s body.

Commitment.? Many people are more committed to their dog?s wellbeing, rushing home after a day apart than they would be their partner.

Dog or Partner

Dear RL, I reckon your friends are right.? And if I were you, I?d be looking at getting a dog in order to hone the skills which are needed in a successful relationship!

PS ? Remember, owning a dog is a commitment for many years, you might like to look at working with the Blind Dog Association (or similar), or fostering dogs.? This gives you extra learning - it teaches you that people come into your life and leave again, for one reason or another.? The same is true of dogs.

?

?

?

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Source: http://www.birdsontheblog.co.uk/the-5-lessons-in-relationships-for-a-dog-owner/

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Wall Street advances as defensive stocks extend rally

NEW YORK (Reuters) - Stocks advanced on Tuesday, led by defensive sectors, in a sign the cash piles recently moving into the market are being put to use by cautious investors to pick up more gains.

The S&P 500 is on track to post its best monthly performance since October 2011 and its best January since 1997 as investors poured $55 billion in new cash into stock mutual funds and exchange-traded funds in January, the biggest monthly inflow on record. [ID:nL1N0AX45Q] The Dow Jones industrial average has been flirting with 14,000, a level it hasn't seen since October 2007.

Shares of Amazon.com jumped nearly 7 percent in extended trade after the world's largest Internet retailer posted fourth-quarter revenue that jumped 22 percent to $21.27 billion. The stock closed down 5.7 percent at $260.35 in regular trading.

Among rising defensive shares, which are companies relatively immune to economic swings, were drugmaker Pfizer , up 3.2 percent to $27.70 after posting earnings and AT&T , 1.6 percent higher at $34.68.

"Cyclical were moving very nicely, now you see balance with some of the defensive. Many managers use that as an internal hedge in equity portfolios," said Quincy Krosby, market strategist at Prudential Financial in Newark, New Jersey.

She said the market is cautious ahead of Wednesday's statement following the Federal Reserve's two-day meeting. In addition, defensive stocks would hold up better if Friday's payrolls report surprises on the downside.

The S&P hovered near 1,500, and market technicians say the benchmark is at an inflection point which will determine the overall direction in the near term.

"The public is pouring in now," said Carter Worth, chief market technician at Oppenheimer & Co in New York. "It reflects complacency and that typically leads to hubris, and hubris leads to trouble. Everyone's buying."

The top performing sectors on the S&P 500 were healthcare <.spxhc> and telecom services <.splrcl>, so-called defensive sectors, both up more than 1 percent.

The energy sector also advanced, on the back of strong earnings from Valero Energy Corp and a hedge fund move to break up Hess Corp to boost investor returns.

Valero shares jumped 12.8 percent to $43.77 and Hess gained 9 percent to $68.11.

The equity gains have largely come on a strong start to earnings season, though results were mixed on Tuesday with Pfizer rising but Ford Motor Co down after its report.

Both companies reported profits that topped expectations, but Ford also forecast a wider loss in its European segment. Ford dropped 4.6 percent to $13.14 as one of the biggest percentage losers on the S&P 500.

The Dow Jones industrial average <.dji> was up 72.49 points, or 0.52 percent, at 13,954.42. The Standard & Poor's 500 Index <.spx> was up 7.66 points, or 0.51 percent, at 1,507.84. The Nasdaq Composite Index <.ixic> was down 0.64 points, or 0.02 percent, at 3,153.66.

Thomson Reuters data showed that of the 174 companies in the S&P 500 that have reported earnings this season, 68.4 percent have been above analyst expectations, which is a higher proportion than over the past four quarters and above the average since 1994.

Disappointing outlooks from Seagate Technology and BMC Software pressured their shares. Seagate lost 9.4 percent to $33.91 and BMC fell 6.3 percent to $41.71.

D.R. Horton Inc's quarterly profit more than doubled as it managed to sell more homes at higher prices, leading the No. 1 U.S. homebuilder to forecast a good spring selling season. The stock jumped 11.8 percent to $23.82.

U.S. home prices rose in November to rack up their best yearly gain since the housing crisis began, a further sign that the sector is on the mend, but consumer confidence fell to its lowest level in more than a year in the wake of higher taxes for many Americans.

(Reporting By Angela Moon; Editing by Nick Zieminski)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/stock-index-futures-point-slightly-lower-start-100233662--finance.html

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Silver and Gold Prices: The Gold Price Fell a Little Along with Stocks ...

Gold Price Close Today : 1652.90
Change : -3.70 or -0.22%

Silver Price Close Today : 30.766
Change : -0.424 or -1.36%

Gold Silver Ratio Today : 53.725
Change : 0.612 or 1.15%

Silver Gold Ratio Today : 0.01861
Change : -0.000214 or -1.14%

Platinum Price Close Today : 1661.20
Change : -32.70 or -1.93%

Palladium Price Close Today : 739.80
Change : -0.45 or -0.06%

S&P 500 : 1,500.18
Change : -2.78 or -0.18%

Dow In GOLD$ : $173.61
Change : $ 7.50 or 4.51%

Dow in GOLD oz : 8.399
Change : 0.363 or 4.51%

Dow in SILVER oz : 451.21
Change : 5.68 or 1.28%

Dow Industrial : 13,881.93
Change : -14.05 or -0.10%

US Dollar Index : 79.80
Change : -0.002 or 0.00%

Nothing much happened today beyond the foreseeable ? Stocks fell, the silver and GOLD PRICE fell a little further, dollar was flat, and the other scabby fiat currencies as well.

Friday (25 January) I somehow posted the wrong closes for the Dow and S&P500. Correct closes were Dow 13895.98 (up 70.65) and S&P500 at 1,502.96 (up 8.14). I have no idea how that error crept in. Please forgive me.

The GOLD PRICE fell a little further, $3.70, to $1,652.90. Silver lost 42.4 cents to 3075.6.

Today gold's range touched the uptrend line from June '12 and the downtrend line from the November 12 high. In fact, it touched them exactly where they crossed.

Try to picture a falling wedge in your mind. Gold breaks out of that wedge about 2/3 of the way down, rallies to $1,698, then falls back, but (so far) only for a Kiss Back to the downtrend line it has just broken though upward.

Frustrating as this is, it doesn't point to a fall to the earth's core, but rather, another rise. Worst hand raised against that is gold's fall beneath its 200 day moving average on Friday. Needs to fix that quickly.

The SILVER PRICE chart looks much the same. However, silver hasn't kissed back all the way to that short term down trend line, and remains above its 200 DMA (3065c), but not by much. About 3045c tomorrow will lie the strong uptrend line from the June '12 low.

I was going back over some trades today from 2008 - 2009. I remember buying gold at $858 with my heart in my mouth in December. In May 2009 I was still nervous at 978.50, but bought anyway. And in November 2009, 17.098 silver looked awfully risky, but still I bought. Point is, markets always look risky, and exactly the right time to buy is the time your mind, body, and intestines will scream loudest. And sometimes, they're right.

Life comes with no guarantees, unless you are a slave.

Stocks dropped, the Dow at 13,881.93 down 14.05 (0.1%) and the S&P500 down 2.78 (0.18%) at 1,500.18. Only 4 or 5 times in the last 10 years have stocks been more highly oversold. They stand at their upper trendline resistance. They've sketched out a massive head and shoulders top that stretches back to 1996, and they've both lately reached the point of rising wedge formations.

Sure, maybe they can rise from here -- but don't bet on it.

Dollar, yen, and euro were all flat today. US dollar index closed 79.804, basically unchanged from Friday. Euro fell a miniscule 0.07% to $1.3450, while the yen rose 0.07% to 110.17 cents/Y100.

These gappy cahrts are hard to read. Euro gapped up on Friday, then traded in almost exactly the same range today, leaving a little isolated island up there. Must fill in that gap or advance sharply or it runs the risk of breaking down.

Be certain the world's big central bankers are furious with the Japanese and their competitive devaluation. They don't know much, but they remember the currency wars of the 1930s and would like to avoid them.

US$1=Y90.85=E0.7435=0.325139 oz Ag=0.000605 oz Au.

I found out something unusual about my new book, At Home in Dogwood Mudhole. People keep writing me that they're reading the book outloud with wife or husband, or reading it to their children. One of my sons has been reading it to his two boys, Gus (6) and Felix (4). Thinking, I reckon, on something he had heard at school, he stopped my son Christian while he was reading and asked, "Dad, were Mama Sue and Big Daddy alive in colonial times?" I didn't know we looked THAT old.

Y'all can still get copies of AHIDM at www.dogwoodmudhole.com.

Argentum et aurum comparenda sunt -- -- Gold and silver must be bought.

- Franklin Sanders, The Moneychanger
The-MoneyChanger.com
1-888-218-9226
10:00am-5:00pm CST, Monday-Friday

? 2013, The Moneychanger. May not be republished in any form, including electronically, without our express permission.

To avoid confusion, please remember that the comments above have a very short time horizon. Always invest with the primary trend. Gold's primary trend is up, targeting at least $3,130.00; silver's primary is up targeting 16:1 gold/silver ratio or $195.66; stocks' primary trend is down, targeting Dow under 2,900 and worth only one ounce of gold; US$ or US$-denominated assets, primary trend down; real estate bubble has burst, primary trend down.

WARNING AND DISCLAIMER. Be advised and warned:

Do NOT use these commentaries to trade futures contracts. I don't intend them for that or write them with that short term trading outlook. I write them for long-term investors in physical metals. Take them as entertainment, but not as a timing service for futures.

NOR do I recommend investing in gold or silver Exchange Trade Funds (ETFs). Those are NOT physical metal and I fear one day one or another may go up in smoke. Unless you can breathe smoke, stay away. Call me paranoid, but the surviving rabbit is wary of traps.

NOR do I recommend trading futures options or other leveraged paper gold and silver products. These are not for the inexperienced.

NOR do I recommend buying gold and silver on margin or with debt.

What DO I recommend? Physical gold and silver coins and bars in your own hands.

One final warning: NEVER insert a 747 Jumbo Jet up your nose. No, I don't.

Source: http://silver-and-gold-prices.goldprice.org/2013/01/the-gold-price-fell-little-along-with.html

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Search is on for golden cookie stolen in Germany

BERLIN (AP) ? Missing: One golden cookie, weighing around 44 pounds (20 kilograms).

Suspect: The Cookie Monster?

The rectangular gilded bronze sculpture was part of a statue gracing the facade of German cookie baker Bahlsen's Hannover office.

How the century-old symbol was taken remains unclear, but police say witnesses reported having seen two men with a ladder in the area earlier this month.

The company has offered ?1,000 ($1,350) for information leading to the cookie's recovery.

A police statement said a local newspaper received a picture Tuesday showing someone in an outfit similar to Sesame Street's Cookie Monster holding a golden cookie.

The sender wrote to demand cookies be delivered to children at a city hospital.

Police aren't sure if it's the same cookie, or a real claim of responsibility.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/search-golden-cookie-stolen-germany-180617191--finance.html

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How To Choose A Best Domain Name Smartly

If you are setting up a blog one of the first things you need to do is choose a domain name, This is your URL (Uniform Resource Locator) which is your virtual address on the internet. Your domain name is what your loyal readers/potential customers will use to locate your blog.

Ideally, it needs to be a reasonably short, memorable name and you can be as creative as you like, Bear in mind, however, that a straightforward domain name such as www.monetizeblogging.com not only gives a clue to what the site is about (Monetization Tips), but is also useful in terms of search engine placement and optimization.

Domain names can be bought quite cheaply these days and have a variety of extensions such as .com, co.uk, biz and .tv are also available and other varieties are likely to come online in time. If ?possible, try to purchase the domain name with the .com extension and/or your country?extensions?(co.uk/co.fr/co.za, etc).

Consider the following:

1. Have several domain name choices in mind. Your first one might not be available.

2. If possible, use a key word that relates to your product or service in the domain name.

3. Choose catchy, memorable name where possible.

4. Make sure the domain name is easy to spell.

5. Check the?sleeping?of your domain name before you make your purchase. Once you?ve pressed the purchase button, you can?t make any corrections.

6. Remember to renew your domain name on time annually to maintain ownership.

When choosing the domain name, remember the acronym RAIL:

1. R- recall. How easy is to recall the name?

2. A-aesthetics. How does the name look? Does it look good on business cards and company literature?

3. I-impressions. First impressions are crucial. Does the name sound good?

4. L-length. Domain names are limited to the 26 letters of the English alphabet, ten numerals and hyphen ? 37 characters in all. When?picking?a name, less is more. A short name is preferable to a long one.

Source: http://www.bloggingtips.com/2013/01/27/choosing-domain-name/

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Primates, too, can move in unison

Jan. 28, 2013 ? Japanese researchers show for the first time that primates modify their body movements to be in tune with others, just like humans do. Humans unconsciously modify their movements to be in synchrony with their peers. For example, we adapt our pace to walk in step or clap in unison at the end of a concert. This phenomenon is thought to reflect bonding and facilitate human interaction. Researchers from the RIKEN Brain Science Institute report that pairs of macaque monkeys also spontaneously coordinate their movements to reach synchrony.

This research opens the door to much-needed neurophysiological studies of spontaneous synchronization in monkeys, which could shed light into human behavioral dysfunctions such as those observed in patients with autism spectrum disorders, echopraxia and echolalia -- where patients uncontrollably imitate others.

In the research, recently published in the journal Scientific Reports, the team led by Naotaka Fujii developed an experimental set-up to test whether pairs of Japanese macaque monkeys synchronize a simple push-button movement.

Before the experiment, the monkeys were trained to push a button with one hand. In a first experiment the monkeys were paired and placed facing each other and the timing of their push-button movements was recorded. The same experiment was repeated but this time each monkey was shown videos of another monkey pushing a button at varying speeds. And in a last experiment the macaques were not allowed to either see or hear their video-partner.

The results show that the monkeys modified their movements -- increased or decreased the speed of their push-button movement -- to be in synchrony with their partner, both when the partner was real and on video. The speed of the button pressing movement changed to be in harmonic or sub-harmonic synchrony with the partners' speed. However, different pairs of monkeys synchronized differently and reached different speeds, and the monkeys synchronized their movements the most when they could both see and hear their partner.

The researchers note that this behavior cannot have been learnt by the monkeys during the experiment, as previous research has shown that it is extremely difficult for monkeys to learn intentional synchronization.

They add: "The reasons why the monkeys showed behavioral synchronization are not clear. It may be a vital aspect of other socially adaptive behavior, important for survival in the wild."

The study was partly supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas 'Neural creativity for communication' (22120522 and 24120720) of MEXT, Japan.

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by RIKEN.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

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Journal Reference:

1. Yasuo Nagasaka, Zenas C. Chao, Naomi Hasegawa, Tomonori Notoya, Naotaka Fujii. Spontaneous synchronization of arm motion between Japanese macaques. Scientific Reports, 2013; 3 DOI: 10.1038/srep01151

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/AMbAPs6-r80/130128081952.htm

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Gas flares from Bakken fracking are visible from space

Julia Sklar, reporter

(Image: NASA Earth Observatory image by Jesse Allen and Robert Simmon/VIIRS/Suomi NPP)

This sparkling view of American cities from space reveals a town with a different kind of night-life. One of the bright regions that sits alone in the darkness of the northern plains isn't a bustling city at all - instead, this blaze is a night-time view of fracking in action.

Seen in this photo taken by NASA's Suomi NPP satellite, the glow comes from hundreds of flares from rigs drilled into the Bakken formation of North Dakota. The huge amount of unwanted gas being burned off from the production of shale oil creates a light the size of metropolitan Boston.

Bakken is a 360-million-year-old tectonic plate made primarily of shale rock. Fracking has liberated the oil?that lies within it, propelling North Dakota to the second-largest oil producing state in the US, behind Texas.

Flaring is a way to burn off excess natural gas during oil production, but the process effectively wastes a natural resource while simultaneously emitting carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. As of 2011, more than 35 per cent of North Dakota's natural gas production was burnt off in flares, according to a study done by the U.S. Energy Information Administration.

The same study reported that in 2009, on average, less than 1 per cent of the total amount of natural gas produced in the US was lost to flaring. By those standards, the Bakken formation in North Dakota sticks out as a staggeringly flaring-heavy drilling site and the island of light in this picture only helps make that case.

Read more about fracking in our?Energy and Fuels topic guide.

Source: http://feeds.newscientist.com/c/749/f/10897/s/27fb0188/l/0L0Snewscientist0N0Cblogs0Cshortsharpscience0C20A130C0A10Cjulia0Esklar0Ereporter0Bhtml0Dcmpid0FRSS0QNSNS0Q20A120EGLOBAL0Qonline0Enews/story01.htm

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Daily Kos: Credit card processor no longer doing business with ...

Some gun dealers may be finding it more difficult to sell their wares online. ? A gun salesman near Nashville found out yesterday that Intuit Payment Solutions no longer wants to do business with online gun dealers.

"We go through all the hoops and all the steps and at the end of the day it's still a struggle to get the same services anybody else would," said Nick McMillan.

He owns Leiper's Fork Firearms. It is a small gun dealership McMillan runs out of his home.

"We're set up like a business, just like every other small business out there," he said.

McMillan is a has a federal firearms license and is heavily regulated by both the state and federal governments.

But McMillan received an email from Intuit Payment solutions informing him the company was no longer interested in processing his credit card sales.

"They either reviewed several accounts, or it was a company wide policy, because I wasn't the only federal firearms license dealer that got pushed out the other day," McMillan said.

According to the email McMillan and several other gun dealers got, Intuit is no longer willing to process payments for guns that aren't purchased face-to-face. ?McMillan thinks that Intuit simply doesn't want to deal with any bad publicity in the event of another tragedy.

Good for Intuit. ?Until we make it tougher for those who have no business having guns to get them, this more than makes sense. ?Hopefully other credit card processors will step up.

Originally posted to Shut Down the NRA on Sat Jan 26, 2013 at 03:31 PM PST.

Also republished by Three Star Kossacks and Repeal or Amend the Second Amendment (RASA).

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Source: http://www.dailykos.com/story/2013/01/26/1182376/-Credit-card-processor-no-longer-doing-business-with-online-gun-dealers

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Why You Need Car Insurance ? Airborn Eduper

by admin on January 27, 2013

Each year, more cars and drivers travel the highways. With countless vehicles on the road, accidents will happen. Automobile insurance can be the difference between a small setback and a major hassle. But why do you need insurance and just how much should you buy? Car insurance protects you by covering the cost of damage caused to your vehicle or another person?s vehicle and injury to others, yourself, or your passengers, and certain other occurrences, such as theft. Every state and province mandates auto insurance by law. Without insurance, you risk having to pay the total price of any harm you cause others or of repairing or replacing your car if it is damaged or stolen.Liability pays for damages due to bodily injury and property damage to others for which you are responsible. Bodily injury damages include medical expenses, lost wages and pain and suffering. Property damage includes damaged property and loss of use of property. It also covers your defense and court costs if you are sued. State laws usually mandate minimum amounts, but higher amounts are available and usually recommended. Personal injury protection: This is required in some states and is optional in others. It pays you or your passengers for medical treatment resulting from a crash, regardless of who may have been at fault, and is often called no-fault coverage. It may also cover lost earnings, replacement of services and funeral expenses. The minimum amount of this insurance is usually set by the state. Medical payments: This coverage is available in non-no-fault states; it pays regardless of who may have been at fault. It pays for an insured person?s reasonable and necessary medical and funeral expenses for bodily injury from a crash. Collision: Pays for damage to your car caused by an accident. Comprehensive: This applies if your car is stolen or damaged by causes other than collision, including fire, wind, hail, flood or vandalism. Uninsured motorist: Pays for damages when an insured person is injured in a crash caused by another person who does not have liability insurance or by a person who cannot be identified (usually a hit-and-run driver). Under-insured motorist: Pays for damages when an insured person is injured in a crash caused by another person who does not have enough liability insurance to cover the full amount of the damages. Other coverages, like car rental and emergency road service, are also available.Your auto insurance payments vary by company and will depend on several factors, including: *Your selected coverage *Your vehicle?s make and model * Your driving record * Your age, sex and marital status and * Where you live Some have come to think of auto insurance as a necessary evil, but it can truly rescue your economic health Evaluate your needs, do your research and with the help of your insurance agent make the decision that best suits you. state farm fremont

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Source: http://airborneduper.com/why-you-need-car-insurance-6/

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depict cadillac: Education & Reference 2020: The K-12 Implosion ...

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Organizing Kids Craft Supplies ? No Longer Out of Control ...

My kids and I have amassed a large collection of art supplies.? Obviously, from the picture above you can see that our organizational system (ie: a basket and a box) was not working so well.? The craft supplies were taking over my laundry room, I was tripping over them, and my 1 year old thinks it is her duty to take a few items and litter the house with them each time someone leaves the laundry room door open.

I bought this cabinet from Walmart.com and chose ?Pick it up Today.?? For just $29.47 I had a cheap solution that solved my problem!? The first thing I did was sort the craft supplies to try to figure out how to organize them in the new cabinet.

I remembered I had a bunch of empty diaper wipe boxes that would work great for corralling items in the cabinet.? I went and found my stash and I was right!? They fit perfectly!? {Hey that?s green ? reusing items ? and FREE!? The best kind.}? I found a couple of other containers I had lying around for holding other supplies, like a big cup from a show at Phillips Arena for markers, a take-out container for paint brushes, and a coffee container for glue sticks.

Every item now has a home in the cabinet and it is infinitely easier to locate the items we need for projects.? Everytime I go in laundry room and I see my tidy little cabinet I smile.? I love being organized. {I?m weird like that!}.

To finish off the project I added some labels to the containers.? They make it much easier to remember where I put little bits of this and that.? I found my labels online but I can?t find the link for the life of me.? however, I found two very similar ones here and here.? You can see other printable labels I?ve found on my pinterest board here.

What do you think?? I think I have regained a little bit of my sanity.

Pin It

Source: http://wholesomemommy.com/organizing-kids-craft-supplies-no-longer-out-of-control/

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Iraqi troops shoot dead 3 protesters during clash

BAGHDAD (AP) ? Officials say Iraqi troops have killed three protesters and wounded 11 while trying to prevent the demonstrators from joining an anti-government rally west of Baghdad.

Police officials say the soldiers opened fire after a group of protesters started throwing stones on an army checkpoint nearby. The troops had blocked the demonstrators from joining another rally in Fallujah. The city is about 65 kilometers (40 miles) west of Baghdad.

Medics in a Fallujah hospital confirmed the casualties. All officials spoke on condition of anonymity because they are not authorized to speak to the media.

The weekly protests on Fridays started last month in Anbar province, which is mostly Sunni and where the people are disenchanted with the Shiite-led government.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/iraqi-troops-shoot-dead-3-protesters-during-clash-104058762.html

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EQT Q4 profit plummets on low natural gas prices

PITTSBURGH (AP) -- Natural gas company EQT Corp. posted sharply lower net income for the fourth quarter because natural gas prices fell, but strong sales and an increase in gas reserves buoyed shares Thursday.

Net income for the fourth quarter fell 47 percent to $48 million on revenue of $490 million. When adjusted to remove the effect of an interest rate hedge and expenses relating to the sale of a retail division, the company earned 48 cents per share for the quarter.

Analysts polled by FactSet expected the company to earn an adjusted 44 cents per share on sales of $423 million.

EQT shares rose $1.28, or 2.2 percent, to $60.90 in afternoon trading.

A boom in U.S. natural gas production and mild winter temperatures that reduced heating demand have increased supplies of natural gas, and lowered prices.

For the quarter, the company's revenue per thousand cubic feet of gas fell 16 percent from $5.22 to $4.39. For the full year, average prices fell 21 percent, the company said.

Company revenue for the year was flat compared with 2011 at $1.6 billion. The company's net income fell 62 percent to $183 million. The company's results were inflated in 2011, however, because of sales of a pipeline and processing center.

After adjusting for these one-time items, the company's per share earnings fell 32 percent to $1.49, from $2.19.

But for the year the company's natural gas production rose 33 percent to a record 256 billion cubic feet, driven by an 85 percent increase in production from the Marcellus shale in Pennsylvania.

The company's proved reserves of natural gas ? an important indication of what the company can hope to produce in the future ? increased 12 percent to 6 trillion cubic feet.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/eqt-q4-profit-plummets-low-203105226.html

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Skype prodded by privacy groups over transparency

22 hrs.

Devin Coldewey , NBC News

As Skype becomes more and more integrated with Microsoft's other products, privacy advocates around the world have asked it and its parent company to come clean on how, when and why the widely used?video chatting program?complies with government requests for information.

The request comes in the form of an open letter?Thursday,?addressed to Skype's president and Microsoft's chief privacy officer and general counsel, and ?is?signed by dozens of?organizations, including?the Electronic Frontier Foundation and Digital Rights Foundation.

People all over the world use Skype, including not just distant friends and family members, but journalists and activists for whom the secure and private chat platform is indispensable, the organizations say. And since Skype's takeover, there hasn't been a clear line on whether the service would remain that way.

Since 2011, when Microsoft purchased Skype for $8.5 billion, there have been relatively few bugs and breaches in the service. But at the same time, no information has been publicized that details what information Skype?collects, how it protects it, and with whom that information is shared.

In the letter, the signers ask for regular reports, like those put out by Google and Twitter, describing requests for information made by the government or private individuals. Details on what information is vulnerable to (or protected from) network providers and hackers are also suggested, and a statement on how Skype plans to cooperate with certain information-collection and wiretapping laws in the U.S. and China.

A Microsoft spokesperson declined to address the questions of the letter specifically, but offered the following statement to NBC News:

We are reviewing the letter. Microsoft has an ongoing commitment to collaborate with advocates, industry partners and governments worldwide to develop solutions and promote effective public policies that help protect people's online safety and privacy.

The letter can be read in its entirety here; references and links are at the bottom of the page.

Devin Coldewey is a contributing writer for NBCNews Digital. His personal website is?coldewey.cc.

Source: http://www.nbcnews.com/technology/technolog/skype-prodded-privacy-advocates-over-transparency-vulnerabilities-1C8103618

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Apple results spur price target cuts, shares fall 9 percent

(Reuters) - Weaker-than-expected holiday sales of Apple Inc's iPhone reinforced fears that it is losing its dominance in smartphones, driving its shares down 9 percent in premarket trading and drawing another round of stock price target cuts.

Fourteen brokerages including Barclays Capital, Mizuho Securities USA, Credit Suisse, Deutsche Bank, Raymond James, Robert W. Baird & Co and Canaccord Genuity cut their price target on the stock by $142 on average to $599.

Apple's shares closed at $514 Wednesday on the Nasdaq.

Jefferies & Co cut its rating on Apple's stock to "hold" from "buy" and slashed its share price target by $300 to $500.

Jefferies analyst Peter Misek, who has previously raised red flags about Apple cutting orders to suppliers, said the iPhone slowdown was "real and material" and here to stay.

"We think Apple is losing the screen-size wars," Misek said, noting that demand was moving away from the iPhone's 3.5-inch and 4-inch screens to screens of 5 inches offered by rivals such as Samsung Electronics Co Ltd, HTC Corp and Nokia Oyj.

Misek is a top-rated analyst for the accuracy of his earnings estimates for Apple, according to Thomson Reuters StarMine.

Apple said it shipped a record 47.8 million iPhones in the December quarter, but this trailed the average analyst forecast of 50 million units.

Deutsche Bank trimmed its price target to $575 from $800, and said Apple should start making a lower-priced iPhone to arrest the market share loss.

Credit Suisse analysts said a new product cycle and wider telecom carrier selection could be possible catalysts for the company, but added that these were not imminent.

"We believe a lower ability to beat earnings per share expectations, and some concerns on demand, may weigh on the stock near-term," said Credit Suisse, which cut its target price by $150 to $600.

Up to Wednesday, 24 analysts had lowered their price targets since October when Apple reported its fourth-quarter results, according to Thomson Reuters data.

Apple is the lowest ranked stock among the marquee technology firms in the United States based on the change in analyst sentiment, or Analysts Revision Model (ARM), according to StarMine.

Apple's global ARM score of 10 is well below Google Inc's 34 and Microsoft Corp's 19 out of a possible 100. Nokia and Samsung have scores of 82 and 89, respectively.

Research in Motion Ltd has a perfect score of 100, according to the model, which measures analysts' revision of key indicators such as earnings and revenue estimates and changes to their ratings.

Apple shares were trading at $468 before the bell.

(Reporting by Himank Sharma and Saqib Ahmed in Bangalore; Editing by Saumyadeb Chakrabarty)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/apples-weak-results-spark-fresh-round-price-target-115325283--finance.html

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Teacher Duct Tapes Students' Mouths Shut, Posts Photo on Facebook, May Be Fired

Source: http://www.thehollywoodgossip.com/2013/01/teacher-duct-tapes-students-mouths-shut-posts-photo-on-facebook/

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The Little Book Club Sends Busy Parents Quality Kids? Books Every Month

One of the most valuable things parents can do is read to their kids, but keeping a steady supply of quality books in the house is still a challenge. Today, a startup called The Little Book Club is launching to address that problem with a subscription-based service for kids' books. The service, designed for busy parents who can't stomach the idea of reading "Goodnight Moon" every night for the next five years, offers an age-appropriate selection of educational books shipped monthly, centered around different themes.

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Techcrunch/~3/sv4Npu7AK3c/

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Insurance News - Average Health Insurer Rejects More Than 1 In 5 ...

State-by-state analysis shows Montana insurers top list with 45% average rejection rate

HealthPocket looks at which health insurance companies reject applicants most frequently

SUNNYVALE, Calif., Jan. 24, 2013 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- A new analysis from HealthPocket, Inc., shows that the health insurance industry averages an application rejection rate of 22 percent of submitted individual and family applications nationally. States with the highest percentage of area insurer rejections are Montana (45%), Alabama (40%), District of Columbia (37%), Arkansas (35%) and Alaska (34%).

The analysis shows wide variation across the country in how often applicants are rejected by health insurers. Some insurers have declination rates greater than 70 percent; others rarely decline applicants. There is also significant variability within insurance companies across different markets. Kaiser Permanente plans in Georgia have a declination rate of 34 percent, but in Hawaii the same company has a much lower rate of 22 percent. Nationwide, insurers' average rejection rate exceeds one in five applications within the individual and family insurance markets?significantly higher than findings from a 2010 congressional study of the largest for-profit insurers, which found a declination rate of one in seven applications.

"Clearly there is great variability across states and within states in terms of how frequently an insurer rejects a health insurance application, but nationally it seems to be occurring more frequently than industry analysts had assumed," said Kev Coleman, head of research & data at HealthPocket. "What is unclear is whether some insurers have increased their declination rate in order to improve risk pool health and profitability prior to 2014, when insurance companies can no longer reject applications based upon health status or pre-existing medical conditions."

Experts say that health insurance declination rates are a serious issue for consumers, with hundreds of thousands of people being rejected for coverage each year. A health insurance application rejection from one company can negatively affect applications from other companies since insurers typically ask about previous denials when evaluating an application.

The analysis also shows:

• Plans with the five highest declination rates include South Dakota's John Alden Life Insurance Company (73%), Utah's Assurant Health (71%), North Dakota's Assurant Health (58%), Kentucky's Time Insurance Company (56%), and Idaho's Assurant Health (56%).
• States whose insurers have the highest declination rates include Montana (45%), Alabama (40%), D.C. (37%), Arkansas (35%) and Alaska (34%); Maine, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, and Vermont have a zero rating.
• Some non-profit insurance companies have higher declination rates than for-profit insurers. Kaiser Permanente in Georgia, for example, has a declination rate of 34 percent while Humana, a large for-profit insurer in Georgia, has a declination rate of 23 percent.

HealthPocket analyzed publicly available insurance records of 9,450 plans for individuals and families under the age of 65 to determine the average declination rate of health insurance applications, and compared this average to the declination rate of individual insurers. HealthPocket.com is a free website that compares and ranks all health plans available to an individual, family, or employer in a given area, all at once. HealthPocket uses only objective data from government, non-profit, and private sources that carry no conditions that might restrict the site from serving as an unbiased resource for consumers. The founders of HealthPocket.com spent decades pioneering online access to health insurance information and launched the company in late 2012.

The HealthPocket InfoStat is one of its ongoing efforts to use health plan data to produce objective, meaningful, and clarifying information and guidance for consumers. To review declination rates for individual plans available in a given geographic area, visit HealthPocket's individual and family health insurance comparison tool, which lists the rate for each plan on its Plan Details page.

About HealthPocket
HealthPocket.com is a free website that compares and ranks all health plans available to an individual, family, or employer in a given area, all at once. The Company uses only objective data from government, non-profit, and private sources that carry no conditions that might restrict the site from serving as an unbiased resource for consumers. The founders of HealthPocket.com spent decades pioneering online access to health insurance information and knew they could offer something different that can positively change how people buy and use healthcare in the U.S. Learn more at www.HealthPocket.com.

SOURCE HealthPocket.com

Source: http://insurancenewsnet.com/article.aspx?id=370289&type=lifehealth

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High Impact Ideas And Inspiration For Home Improvement

Now you are really ready to begin. Have you been thinking about tackling your next home improvement project? Well, guess what -- now is the right time. This article will help ease some of your anxiety about tackling your own home improvement projects. The following is a list of helpful tips with regards to home improvement.

A kitchen remodel is less expensive if you refinsh existing cabinets. Paint the bases, replace fixtures and get new doors for a brand new kitchen. It will make your kitchen look more modern without spending a lot of money.

Paint your home with some neutral colors. You will create the illusion of a larger space. Bigger baseboards can make a room appear to have more space than it actually has. You can take care of both options at low prices to help improve your home.

There are many purposes that can be served by installing a backyard fence. You will be protected from stray animals in the neighborhood. It also provides a safe place to confine your dog. Fences can be customized to fit your home the way you want them too.

Even if certain home improvement supplies look like a great deal, you should do some comparison shopping before you buy them. Placing down new flooring could be costly. That is why you need to compare different prices in order to save money. Check out larger, big-box suppliers and discount stores for better deals.

Making your ceiling appear higher than it is can be accomplished using two very simple tips. You can paint stripes on your wall or add a tall floor lamp. Additions like these mean optical illusions that people's eyes can trace upward. This makes the ceiling seem really high.

If you are about to undertake major renovations to your bathroom, consider making it accessible to handicapped persons. This conversion can be done in stages if cost is a concern, and will save a lot of headache if you live in your current home until you die. If you decide to sell your house, these improvements will add value to your home.

Avoid contractors who encourage you to pay in cash. You aren't going to have a paper trail if you pay with cash; you are not going to be able to do anything if he doesn't complete the work and takes your money.

You don't need to buy fancy artwork to decorate your walls. Something as simple as 3D tiles are all you need for a beautiful piece of art. For instance, a three-dimensional tile works great if you contrast the colors. You can even buy some canvas and a frame and paint colored squares. Anything colorful can work as art.

After reading this article, you should be better prepared to tackle a home improvement project. While you may feel you know a lot, there is always more to learn. Hopefully, the advice you've seen here will help you when it comes to home improvement that you may be able to improve your house like a pro.

Source: http://alioting.blogspot.com/2013/01/high-impact-ideas-and-inspiration-for.html

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Vitamin D holds promise in battling a deadly breast cancer

Jan. 22, 2013 ? In research published in the Jan. 17 issue of The Journal of Cell Biology, a team led by Susana Gonzalo, Ph.D., assistant professor of biochemistry and molecular biology at Saint Louis University, has discovered a molecular pathway that contributes to triple-negative breast cancer, an often deadly and treatment resistant form of cancer that tends to strike younger women. In addition, Gonzalo and her team identified vitamin D and some protease inhibitors as possible new therapies and discovered a set of three biomarkers that can help to identify patients who could benefit from the treatment.

In the recent breakthrough, which was funded in part by a $500,000 Department of Defense grant, Gonzalo's lab identified one pathway that is activated in breast cancers with the poorest prognosis, such as those classified as triple-negative. These cancers often strike younger women and are harder to treat than any other type of breast cancer. Women who are born with BRCA1 gene mutations are at increased risk for developing breast and ovarian cancers within their lifetime, and the tumors that arise are frequently the triple-negative type. Although chemotherapy is the most effective treatment for triple-negative breast cancer, it has profound secondary effects. Understanding the biology of triple-negative breast cancers will help to develop less toxic therapeutic strategies.

The Science

Experiments performed in Gonzalo's laboratory, in collaboration with the laboratories of Xavier Matias-Guiu and Adriana Duso (IRBLleida, Spain), showed that activation of this novel pathway not only allows tumor cells to grow unchecked, but also explains the reduced sensitivity of these types of tumors to current therapeutic strategies. Importantly, vitamin D plays a role in turning off this pathway, providing a safe and cost-effective strategy to fight these types of tumors.

For molecular biologists like Gonzalo who look for answers below the cellular level to discover why some people develop cancer, the search often involves tracing a chain of events to try to understand cause and effect of the behavior between several genes and the proteins which they express. In order to understand these complex pathways, researchers often turn levels of proteins on or off by expressing one gene or suppressing another. Part of a researcher's challenge is determining what the function of each component of a pathway is.

The cell employs a complex mechanism to protect genetic information and ensure that damaged DNA is not passed on to daughter cells. Cells have built in checkpoints and fail safes to ensure the accuracy of their DNA code and are able to slow or stop their own proliferation if the information is compromised. Loss of these checkpoints and the accumulation of damaged DNA often leads to cancer.

The Pathway

BRCA1 is a well-established tumor suppressor gene. Women who carry mutations in this gene have a high risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer. Tumors that arise often lack expression of three receptors: estrogen, progesterone and HER2 (thus, "triple-negative"), and do not respond to hormone therapy.

BRCA1 is important because it is involved in repairing DNA double-strand breaks, a kind of DNA damage that is especially dangerous for the integrity of our genome. BRCA1 also is involved in cell-cycle checkpoints after damage, which are control mechanisms during cell proliferation that make sure the DNA information has been accurately replicated and transferred to the daughter cells. Thus, BRCA1 is considered a safeguard of the genome.

Loss of BRCA1 is bad news for the information contained in a cell's genetic blueprint. It results in genomic instability characterized by unrepaired DNA breaks and chromosomal aberrations that compromise cell viability. How BRCA1-mutated cells are able to form tumors has been a long-standing question. Investigators recently showed that loss of another DNA repair factor, 53BP1, allows proliferation and survival of BRCA1-deficient cells. In addition, decreased levels of 53BP1 were observed in triple-negative breast cancers, and correlated with resistance to drugs at the forefront of cancer treatment, such as PARP inhibitors.

Gonzalo's team has found a pathway responsible for the loss of 53BP1 in breast cancers with poor prognosis, specifically BRCA1 mutated and triple-negative. It turns out that loss of BRCA1 increases the expression of a protease, known as cathepsin L (CTSL), which causes the degradation of 53BP1. Cells that have lost both BRCA1 and 53BP1 have the ability to repair DNA, maintain the integrity of the genome, and proliferate. Thus, the protease helps cells with faulty BRCA1 to survive.

The Fix

If lowering the levels of 53BP1 allows BRCA1 deficient cells to thrive and do their worst, increasing the levels of the protein offers a promising strategy for treatment of breast tumors.

So, how to do this? In previous research, Gonzalo's team showed that vitamin D inhibits CTSL-mediated degradation of 53BP1 in non-tumor cells, as efficiently as specific CTSL inhibitors. This time, they found that treatment of BRCA1-deficient tumor cells with vitamin D restores high levels of 53BP1, which results in increased genomic instability and reduced proliferation. Importantly, their evidence suggests that vitamin D treatment might restore the sensitivity to PARP inhibitors in patients who become resistant. Thus, a combination of vitamin D and PARP inhibitors could represent a novel therapeutic strategy for breast cancers with poor prognosis.

So, with this chain of events, Gonzalo and colleagues demonstrated a pathway by which triple-negative breast cancers proliferate: BRCA1-deficient cells activate CTSL which minimizes levels of 53BP1 to overcome genomic instability and growth arrest.

The Patients

In a final exceptionally useful discovery, Gonzalo and collaborators found that high levels of nuclear CTSL and low levels of 53BP1 and nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR) are a clear marker that identifies certain triple-negative breast cancer patients, biomarkers that offer the potential to customize future breast cancer therapies. In particular, this triple-biomarker signature will allow the identification of patients in whom the pathway is on and who might benefit the most from vitamin D treatment.

Bottom Line

Researchers have discovered a way in which one of the deadliest and most difficult to treat breast cancers allows tumor cells to grow unchecked and how these tumors resist treatment. Specifically, they found that BRCA1-deficient cells activate CTSL which leads to lower levels of the protein 53BP1 which, in turn, allows cancer cells to grow unchecked.

? In addition, they discovered the potential for a new therapy involving vitamin D, and identified biomarkers that can help identify which patients could benefit from this therapy.

? In the future, women with triple-negative breast cancer may benefit from a treatment that includes vitamin D. As with all laboratory research, vitamin D therapy will have to be studied in a clinical trial before doctors know how safe or effective it will be.

? Researchers' next steps will be to study molecular mechanisms behind the activation of the degradation of 53BP1 by CTSL. In addition, preclinical studies with vitamin D and cathepsin inhibitors as single agents or in combination with different drugs are underway in mouse models of breast cancers.

Established in 1836, Saint Louis University School of Medicine has the distinction of awarding the first medical degree west of the Mississippi River. The school educates physicians and biomedical scientists, conducts medical research, and provides health care on a local, national and international level. Research at the school seeks new cures and treatments in five key areas: cancer, liver disease, heart/lung disease, aging and brain disease, and infectious disease.

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Journal Reference:

1. D. A. Grotsky, I. Gonzalez-Suarez, A. Novell, M. A. Neumann, S. C. Yaddanapudi, M. Croke, M. Martinez-Alonso, A. B. Redwood, S. Ortega-Martinez, Z. Feng, E. Lerma, T. Ramon y Cajal, J. Zhang, X. Matias-Guiu, A. Dusso, S. Gonzalo. BRCA1 loss activates cathepsin L-mediated degradation of 53BP1 in breast cancer cells. The Journal of Cell Biology, 2013; 200 (2): 187 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201204053

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Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/health_medicine/genes/~3/2khUheo8nos/130122142911.htm

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